Production of petrol



F. TINKER.

PRODUCTION OF PETROL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18. 1920.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921 IZZ/W ezulm J? Tamwzg PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK TINKER, 0F ERDIN'GTON, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

raonuc'rron or PETROL} Specificatibn of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

Application filed February 18, 1%120. Serial No. 359,662.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS 01! THE A01 013' MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT.L, 1313.)

To all whom it may] concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK TINKER,D. $0., a subject of the King of GreatBritain and Ireland, residing at 4, Gladstone road, Erdington, in thecity of Birmingham, England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements Relating to the Production of bon oil whether crude mineraloil, kerosene,-

solar oil, fuel oil, shale oil, creosote or other oil containingconstituents which can be cracked.

-It has previously been proposed to distil oil, and, after or whilepassing the distilled vapor through a superheater, to mix the va or witha stream of oil. a

4 y invention is distinguished from previous proposals involving the useof a system comprising a still, a superheater and dephlegmator orfractionating column, in

' that I mix the vapor from the superheating or cracking chamber with astream of crude oil in a pipe or chamber placed between the superheaterand the fractionating column so that the process of wheat interchange iscomplete before the final product to be collected is delivered into thefractionatir'ig column and the residuum passed into-the still.

Referring to the accompanying sheet of ex lanatory diagrams igures L and2 illustrate two forms of apparatus which can be used for carrying myinvention into eifect.

her. r The same reference letters in'the two views indicate the same orsimilar parts.

Referring to Fig; 1, a still a which is heated in any convenient mannerhas its upper part where vapor collects connected to a cracking chamber6 which is-also heated uniformly in any convenient manner. If

Fig. 3 shows an alternative cracking cham-l- 1 another pipe Z connectsthe lower ends of the chambers with the still. This pipe opens in thepipe 7 communicating with the still. While the oiland vapor are passingdown desired two or more cracking chambers may be employed. The crackingchamber is connected to a fractionating chamber 0 and at an intermediateposition as at provision is made for bringing into the system the mainsupply of crude or original oil. The upper part of the fractionatingcolumn is provided with a pipe 6 for drawing off vapor of lighterconstituents and the lower end is in communication by a pipe 7 with thelower part of the still. Also provision is made fOIl drawing off theliquid contents of'the sti 1.

In the operation of the plant, oil is sup plied as indicated below tothe still and the kerosene or solar distillate given oil? is conveyed bya pipe 9 to the cracking or superheating chamber. From this the vapor iswithdrawn by the pipe h leading to the fractionating column and at d itmeets the main supply of crude or original oil. The mixture ofsuperheated vapor and oil flow in the same direction and due to theinterchange of heat the lighter constituents of the original oil arevaporized. The final products consisting of the said lighterconstituents, the light. hydrocarbons produced in the cracking operationand the heavier constituents, are collected in the fractionating columnwhence they are withdrawn in any convenient manner. Liquid deposited inthe lower part of the column is passed to the still by the pipe. 7 wherethe volatile portion is driven oif and utilized as above the chamber jthe oil is heated and the resulting vapor flows into the fractionatingcolumn, while the unvaporized oil flows directly to the still. Any oilcollecting in the bottom of the fractionating column also flows back tothe still.

In both the examples above described the mixed vapor and oil flowtogether for a time through a region in which the heat interchangebetween the oil and superheated vapor is completed before the product ispassed into the fractionating column or the still. By the use of thisfeature ll am able to control efi'ectively the action of the plant andinsure uniformity of operation.

In the cracking chamber 1) it is necessary to obtain as uniform adistribution of temperature as possible throughout the region in whichthe vapor is cracked or superheated. F or this purpose I employ acylindrical externally heated horizontal chamber which is providedinteriorly with a coaxial tube m (or a plurality of such tubes) arrangedto produce counterfiowing streams in the chamber. F or example, with oneinnor tube the relatively cool vapor is brought in at one end and causedto flow to the opposite end Whenceit escapes to the outer annular spaceand flows backward to the outlet h from the chamber as shown in Fig. 3.With two inner tubes the relatively cool vapor flows forward along theinner tube,

l then backward in the space between it and the second tube m andfinally forward to the outlet along the space between the second tubeand the external wall of the chamber b. Preferably a worm or spiralpartition at is arranged in the annular space adja- Having thusdescribed my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let'-ters Patent is 1 1. In the production of petrol from hydrocarbon oils bymeans involving a still, a cracking or superheating device, and afractionating column, mixin superheated vapor with the main stream 0 theoriginal oil at a position between the cracking device and thefractionating column, delivering the resultant vapor into thefractionating column and the liquid into a still, generating vapor inthe still, and super-heating said vapor in the superheating device forsubsequent mixture with the main stream of oil, substantially asdescribed.

2. In the production of petrol from hydrocarbon oil, mixing a stream oforiginal oil with superheated vapor, passing the result ant vapor into afractionating column, and the liquid into a still, evaporating a portionof the liquid in the still, passing the vapor produced in the stillthrough externally heated concentric passages for super-heating thevapor, and delivering the superheated vapor to the main stream of oil,substantially as described.

lln testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification. A

FRANK TINKJER.

